Human papilloma virus (HPV):
It is the name for more than 200 Genotypes that infect humans.
It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infection.
*There are 2 types:
1- Low risk genotypes that cause warts (genital, hand and Plantar)
2- High-risk genotypes (14 types) that cause Cancer. 16-18 genotypes are the most carcinogenic
types that associated with 70% of all Cervical Cancer.
*HPV Can Cause Cancer of (Cervix - Vulva - Vagina - Penis & Oro Pharyngeal Cancer).
✓ How it spreads?
skin to Skin Contact.
✓Symptoms:
- Many People don't show Symptoms.
- Some may develop genital warts or common warts e.g (hand warts & plantar warts).
- HR. HPV Genotypes may develop Cancer.
✓Risk Factors: -
*Age:
common warts in children.
Genital warts in adults.
*Decreased immunity.
*Damaged skin.
*Personal Contacts.
✓ Diagnosis: -
1-Pap Smears which detect changes in the cervical Cells.
2- HPV-DNA by PCR that identify the Presence of HR-HPV genotypes.
HPV-DNA detection by PCR:-
It is a standard noninvasive method for detection of HPV infection.
So, it Can assist in the appropriate follow up testing and triaging Women at risk for Progression to Cervical Cancer.
*Specimen:
1-Cervical Or Vaginal swab.
* It is important for women to know that HPV can Put them at risk in ways they may not have realized. So, Regular Screening is important
STIs / STDs:
*STIs - a sexually transmitted infection. This term is used to reference when the possible Pathogen has been initially transferred into the host. (bacterial, viral or parasite).
*STDs – a sexually transmitted disease. Occurs as the initial STI.
*Transmission: STIS & STDs. Can be transmitted through body Fluids include: - Semen, vaginal fluid, blood or Saliva. Most commonly during sexual acts.
*Common STIS /STDS:
-Neisseria Gonorrhea, Chlamydia Trachomatis, Herpes Simplex type 1 &2, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Haemophilus ducreyi, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema Pallidum, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, Lymphogranuloma Venerum (LGV).
*Lab tests: can find the Cause of STDs Symptoms, they also find STIs without Symptoms through: -
- blood tests.
- body fluid samples.
- Lesion Swabs.
**Chlamydia Trachomatis: it is a bacterial STI that causes: -.
- Abnormal discharge from vagina or penis.
- Abdominal or Lower back Pain.
- burning Sensation during urination.
- Urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis.
* Testing: 1- Urine or semen Sample by PCR.
2- Swab from the Penis or cervix by PCR.
**Gonorrhea:
bacterial STD that infects the genital tract, mouth or anus.it causes:
-Burning sensation during Urination.
-Pus Like discharge (yellowish or greenish).
-abnormal menstrual cycle
-swollen/tender testicles.
-Throat infection in case of oral sex.
- Ocular transmission can occur.
- People who are infected may have no symptoms.
**Testing:
* Urine sample or swab from the infected body parts (cervix, Urethra, rectum or throat).
** Syphilis: bacterial STD Passed on by painless Sore through vaginal, anal or oral sex with an infected Person. if not treated, systemic complication will occur.
- there are 3 stages:
. The primary stage (1-3 weeks) after infection begins with a Chancre (non tender ulcer).
. The secondary stage( 6-12 weeks) Flu like symptoms, Maculopapular rash, generalized lymphadenopathy. -
.latent, disappearance of symptoms.
.The tertiary stage: Sever neurological & Cardiovascular damage, Blindness and death if No TTT.
Lab tests :
1- blood test: RPR, VDRL.
2- Swab from Chancre.
** Herpes:
-Viral infection Caused by HSV type 1: mostly spreads by oral contact .
HSV type 2 : mostly spreads by genital contact.
*Symptoms :
- Cold sores around mouth.
- Sores or blisters around genitals, buttocks or anal area.
- Flu like symptoms ----🡪 fever, Swollen gland.
- Some people have No Symptoms.
*Testing:
- blood test.
- Specimen from Sores.
- urine sample or anybody fluid.
**HIV:-
- Virus attacks the Immune system. Without treatment---🡪 AIDS.
- Most People have flu like symptoms 2-4weeks after infection, Last few to seven days.
- the early stages there is No symptom.
- in its final Stage (a person of AIDS) has variety of illnesses including Pneumonia and cancer.
Lab Tests:
* blood tests.
Window Period:-
-Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT): 10-33 days.
-Ag/Ab testing: 18-45 days
-Ab testing: 23-90 days.
**Trichomonas vaginalis: Parasite infection Spreads through Sexual Contact
-Symptoms :
*Vaginal discharge with bad smell.
* Itching and irritation.
Note:
Left untreated STDs can damage the reproductive System and Create other Serious health risks.
**Take charge of your life today and get confidential HIV results at Alarab Lab.**
The Importance of Early Detection for HPV and STIs
Early detection plays a crucial role in preventing serious health complications caused by HPV and other sexually transmitted infections. Many of these infections remain silent for years, damaging the body without noticeable symptoms. Routine testing helps identify infections early, allowing for timely treatment and reduced transmission risk.
At Alarab Medical Laboratories, we use advanced molecular techniques to ensure accurate and reliable screening results.
Why Choose PCR Testing for HPV and STIs
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing is the gold standard for identifying viral and bacterial DNA in patient samples. It can detect even minute traces of pathogens, offering high accuracy and early diagnosis.
At Alarab Medical Laboratories, PCR testing is performed using certified automated systems to ensure precision and confidentiality.
How Regular Screening Prevents Long-Term Complications
Untreated sexually transmitted infections can lead to infertility, chronic pelvic pain, or even cancers related to HPV. Regular check-ups and follow-up tests help avoid these outcomes by identifying infections before they cause irreversible damage.
At Alarab Medical Laboratories, patients can benefit from comprehensive panels covering all major STIs.
Safe, Confidential, and Reliable Testing at Alarab Lab
Many people delay testing due to fear or embarrassment — but Alarab Medical Laboratories ensures total privacy and comfort throughout the process. All test results are treated with strict confidentiality, and professional medical staff provide clear guidance for next steps.
Take Control of Your Health Today
Sexually transmitted infections are preventable, detectable, and treatable but only if you take the first step. Routine testing empowers you to protect yourself and your loved ones.
Schedule your confidential STI or HPV screening today at Alarab Medical Laboratories, and ensure a healthier, safer future.
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